Partially mixed lower bound constant stress tetrahedral element for Finite Element Limit Analysis

A numerical analysis of the limit state for solids, with an adequately described structural geometry, is often a computationally demanding task, and there need effective method. The existing solid elements Finite Element Limit Analysis (FELA) are either expensive or require stress cutoff yield surface triaxial states. This paper presents partially mixed lower bound tetrahedral constant element that converges rapidly does not modification surface. based on relaxed formulation theorem by providing strict equilibrium normal tractions faces shear/tangential at vertices. performance shown in four examples applying von Mises criterion, Modified Mohr–Coulomb criterion possible inclusion reinforcement. show fast convergence good even relatively coarse meshes.